Economy

The moral imperative of tax reform

 

FREDERICTON -- In the biblical parable, a wealthy man needs some time away and entrusts his investments to three money managers. On his return, he checks his books. Two managers had doubled the money delegated to them, though the parable is silent on the strategies they used. The third broker had hedged, burying the rich man's silver coins in the ground. He was compelled to report a zero return.

"You ought to have invested my money with bankers," the rich man declares, calling the man lazy and stupid. "I would have at least received interest." Although it's not explicit in the biblical telling, the investor probably threw the delinquent money manager to the lions.

Aside from the presence of the word "bank" (the only specific reference to this financial institution in the Bible), the interesting thing about this parable is that it holds absolutely no instruction for Canadians, who would profit almost as much by putting their money in a hole in the ground as they would by putting it in the bank.

Here's a uniquely Canadian parable from Jack Mintz, president of the C.D. Howe Institute. A middle-class wage earner invests $1,000 in a one-year bond paying a return of 3 per cent, or $30. This moderate-income person pays tax of 33 per cent on the investment income, leaving a 2-per-cent yield, or $20. With 2-per-cent inflation, the final yield is zero. "In other words," Mr. Mintz observes, "the tax rate on interest income, adjusted for inflation, is close to 100 per cent." The hole in the ground looks better all the time. At the very least, there are no service fees.

Here's another Canadian parable, this one for richer folk, also from the C.D. Howe Institute. An Ontario resident in the top income bracket uses income of $1,866 to buy a $1,000 bond ($1,866 income, less 46 per cent in tax). The bond pays 6 per cent, which is taxed, again at the 46-per-cent rate. The investor collects $60 in interest, pays $28 in taxes on it, ends the year with a return of $32. In the final calculation, this investor adjusts this return for inflation at 2 per cent and finds a real return of $12. As a percentage of the money that this investor needed to earn to buy the bond, the return is 0.64 per cent a year. The hole in the ground again looks good.

In its 2005 report on Canadian tax competitiveness, published last week, the C.D. Howe Institute returns with yet further morality plays that dramatize wicked tax practices. This time, the institute documents the punishment of elderly Canadians of modest means, people who have worked all their lives, put away a bit of money for their old age -- only to find that the tax system confiscates a large part of their savings. These are parables of oppression. "Not only does the Canadian tax system impose quite high tax rates on investment and work effort," the institute says, with admirable restraint, "it also taxes savings very heavily. High taxes on investment income make it more difficult for Canadians to accumulate wealth for their retirement."

Begin with the bond that pays 6 per cent. With a tax rate of 40 per cent, this investment actually returns 3.6 per cent, since the tax reduces the yield by 2.4 percentage points. With inflation at 2 per cent, the return becomes 1.6 per cent. Sixteen bucks. The C.D. Howe Institute reports the effective tax rate here is 60 per cent. For elderly people with modest income, however, it gets worse -- precisely as we all, by now, would expect. The institute says these folk can be taxed at a marginal rate close to 80 per cent because of the government's clawback of the Guaranteed Income Supplement, which can be cut by as much as 75 cents for each dollar of private income -- from, for example, the meagre return on a $1,000 bond.

Here's another parable of the same kind, though more bizarrely inhumane still. The institute says: "In some situations, taxpayers may pay a higher tax after retirement than before because of the Guaranteed Income Supplement clawback and the Old Age Security clawback. This is particularly important for seniors with incomes less than $15,000: A person who puts money into an RRSP when paying income tax at 22 per cent faces an 80-per-cent tax rate when withdrawing principal and accumulated interest from the RRSP after retirement." It adds: "Canada's effective tax rate on retirement savings is higher than that of any other G7 nation."

In his rambling discussion last week of the government's autumn agenda, Prime Minister Paul Martin made no mention of tax reform -- an economic and moral imperative for this country. It is astonishing that it can be so thoroughly ignored by so many for so long. It's not merely with coins that heads get buried in holes in the ground.

neilreynolds@rogers.com